(Vroom)
What is Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?
Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation posits that an individual's motivation to perform a task is influenced by three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will lead to performance, instrumentality is the belief that performance will result in desired outcomes or rewards, and valence is the value or desirability of the outcomes or rewards. According to this theory, individuals are motivated when they believe their efforts will lead to successful performance, which in turn will result in desired rewards that they value.
How does Vroom's theory relate to employee performance?
Vroom's expectancy theory suggests that individuals' motivation to exert effort and perform at a high level is influenced by their beliefs about the link between effort, performance, and outcomes. The theory posits that individuals consider three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy refers to the belief that effort will lead to high performance. Instrumentality is the belief that performance will be rewarded or result in desired outcomes. Valence represents the value or attractiveness individuals attach to the anticipated outcomes. According to Vroom's theory, individuals are more likely to be motivated when they believe their effort will lead to high performance, performance will be rewarded, and the rewards are highly valued. Employee performance can be influenced by enhancing these factors, such as providing clear performance expectations, offering meaningful rewards and recognition, ensuring perceived fairness in reward systems, and aligning rewards with employees' values and preferences.