A Level

Some writers argue that individuals are responsible for their own poverty. The poor share a set of norms and values that make it more likely for an individual to experience poverty. This culture of poverty may be passed on from one generation to the next.
Others argue that poverty is a result of structural factors, rather than being caused by the attitudes of the poor themselves.Applying material from Item D and your knowledge, evaluate the view that poverty is caused by the attitudes of the poor themselves.

A Level

Investigating working-class pupils' experiences of school through the use of documents. Sociologists may use documents to examine the experiences of working-class pupils in school. For example, they may analyse such documents to investigate whether there is a system of class bias in schools, as Marxists suggest. Working-class pupils may feel that the language and culture of the school does not reflect that of their community. Schools are a rich source of documents. Schools create documents such as: statements explaining school exclusions, after school detentions, letters home to parents and school reports. There are also documents that are created by the pupils, for example: work completed in exercise books and homework planners. Other types of student-authored documents can be found online, for example comments on social media that give insight into pupils' experiences of school. However, some documents may be seen as unrepresentative and lacking in validity.Applying material from Item B and your knowledge of research methods, evaluate the strengths and limitations of using documents to investigate working-class pupils' experiences of school.

A Level

The social model of health suggests that society defines what is normal, which affects the way a person’s health is viewed. The biomedical model of health focuses on whether an individual is physically able to carry out day to day activities.
Models of health and illness are used to explain disability.Applying material from Item E, analyse two ways in which models of health and illness explain disability.

A Level

Outline and explain two problems of using primary qualitative methods in sociological research.

A Level

Outline and explain two ways in which new media may have affected the selection and presentation of news.

A Level

Explain and briefly evaluate the view that reconstituted families challenge the nuclear family norm.

A Level

Item A
Some sociologists claim that the curriculum taught in schools today prioritises some cultures over others. Research also suggests that teacher expectations can be based on stereotypes.
Teaching and learning in schools may affect the educational experiences of minority ethnic groups.Applying material from Item A, analyse two ways in which teaching and learning in schools may affect the educational experiences of minority ethnic groups.

A Level

P
Some sociologists argue that in this period of rapid change, age is an increasingly important dimension of inequality. For example, there are generation gaps in economic opportunities and in values and attitudes. There is also ageism, which affects both young and old people.
However, many sociologists still see social class, gender and ethnicity as the most important dimensions of inequality.24 Applying material from Item P and your knowledge, evaluate the view that age is an increasingly important dimension of inequality.

A Level

M
Globalisation has led large corporations to operate on a global scale and have consumers around the world. Many of these consumers now have more choice than in the past when they were limited to what was produced locally.
Globalisation has affected the relationship between the media and their audiences.20 Applying material from Item M, analyse two ways that globalisation may have affected the relationship between the media and their audiences.

A Level

Feminist sociologists often emphasise the ways in which the socialisation process encourages people to conform to hegemonic masculine and feminine identities that reinforce patriarchy. However, other sociologists have argued that people actively construct their gender identities, and that gender identities have become much more fluid.Applying material from Item B and your knowledge, evaluate feminist views of the extent to which the socialisation process reinforces patriarchy.

A Level

Outline and briefly evaluate the view that traditional femininity is rapidly declining as a type of identity.

A Level

Outline three functions that the education system performs for society.

A Level

Outline and explain two ways in which the ownership of the media can affect the content of the news.

A Level

The values and attitudes of some members of the working class may lead to them accepting their position in society. Patriarchal values mean that females can be disadvantaged.
Some social groups are more likely than others to experience poverty.Applying material from Item G, analyse two reasons why some social groups are more likely than others to experience poverty.

A Level

* Assess Interactionist explanations of youth deviance.