6.3 Ethnicity and educational attainment

Racism in schools: Examining the presence and impact of racism within educational institutions.

Cultural explanations for patterns in ethnicity and educational attainment: Understanding the role of cultural factors in educational disparities.

Ethnicity and subcultures: How ethnic subcultures can influence educational experiences and outcomes.

The relationship between ethnicity, social class and gender: Examining the intersectionality of these factors in shaping educational attainment.

6.4 Gender and educational attainment

The relationship between gender socialisation and educational attainment: How gender roles and expectations influence educational choices and achievements.

Wider social changes and gendered educational achievement: Including changing female expectations and the crisis of masculinity.

Gender and subcultures: The role of gendered subcultures in educational experiences.

Teacher expectations and gendered behaviour in the classroom: How teachers' expectations and interactions can influence gendered behaviour in the classroom.

Paper 4 – Globalisation

7 Key debates, concepts and perspectives