Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a psychological theory that describes the stages of human needs, from the most basic to the most advanced. The theory is often represented as a pyramid with five levels, each level representing a different set of needs.

Physiological Needs

At the base of the pyramid are the physiological needs, which are the most essential for survival. These needs include air, water, food, shelter, and sleep. For example, a person will not be able to focus on their safety if they are starving or extremely tired. Once these basic needs are met, individuals can move on to the next level.

Safety and Security Needs

The second level of the pyramid consists of safety and security needs. These needs relate to an individual's need to feel safe and secure in their environment. This includes personal security, financial security, health and well-being, and safety against accidents and injury. For instance, a person living in a war-torn country might prioritize finding a safe haven over pursuing their hobbies (a higher-level need).

Social Needs (Love and Belonging)

Once an individual feels safe and secure, they will then seek to fulfill their social needs, which involve feelings of belonging and acceptance. This level includes friendships, romantic relationships, family, and community involvement. For example, teenagers often form strong bonds within social groups, as the need for belonging is particularly strong at that age.

Note: Only a maximum of two levels can be awarded marks as per the instructions.

Source:
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.