Barriers to entry and exit: - legal barriers - market barriers - cost barriers - physical barriers

Definition and calculation of the concentration ratio - Defining and calculating the concentration ratio as a measure of market dominance.

Reasons for different sizes of firms - Discussing factors contributing to the different sizes of firms.

Internal growth of firms: organic growth and diversification - Analyzing internal growth strategies: organic growth and diversification.

External growth of firms — integration (mergers and takeovers): - methods of integration: horizontal, vertical (forwards and backwards), conglomerate - reasons for integration - consequences of integration

Cartels: - conditions for an effective cartel - consequences of a cartel

Principal-agent problem arising from differing objectives of shareholders/owners and managers - Analyzing the principal-agent problem, where the objectives of shareholders/owners and managers may differ.

Traditional profit-maximising objective of firms - Discussing the traditional profit-maximizing objective of firms.

An understanding of other objectives of firms: - survival - profit satisficing - sales maximisation - revenue maximisation

Price discrimination — first, second and third degree: - conditions for effective price discrimination - consequences of price discrimination

Other pricing policies: - limit pricing - predatory pricing - price leadership

Relationship between price elasticity of demand and a firm's revenue: - in a normal downward sloping demand curve - in a kinked demand curve