The Significance of Israeli Military Tactics in the Yom Kippur War

The Yom Kippur War of 1973, a surprise attack on Israel by Egypt and Syria, serves as a critical study in military history. While the conflict involved a complex interplay of political, economic, and military factors, the significance of Israeli military tactics in determining the outcome cannot be overstated. While other factors undoubtedly played a role, this essay will argue that Israeli military prowess was the decisive factor in their eventual victory.

The Speed and Effectiveness of Israeli Mobilization

From the outset, the Israeli Defence Force (IDF) demonstrated remarkable agility and resilience. Despite being caught off guard by the coordinated Arab offensive, the IDF managed to mobilize its forces in a mere three days. This rapid response allowed them to launch counteroffensives against Arab positions in the Golan Heights and Sinai by October 9th. Within two days of launching their counterattack, the IDF had already recaptured the territory lost to Syria in the Golan Heights, demonstrating the effectiveness of their tactics and the fighting spirit of their soldiers. This swift response significantly blunted the initial success of the Arab surprise attack and prevented a more serious erosion of Israeli defenses.

Military Superiority and External Assistance

The war also highlighted the qualitative military superiority of the IDF over their Arab counterparts. Israeli military doctrine, emphasizing maneuverability, combined arms warfare, and decisive action, proved highly effective. This tactical edge was further bolstered by the influx of advanced weaponry from the United States, particularly tanks, which helped to tip the balance of power in Israel's favor. The ultimate casualty figures, with approximately 16,000 Arab soldiers killed compared to 2,800 Israeli soldiers, starkly illustrate this disparity in military effectiveness.

Counterarguments and Context

However, it is crucial to acknowledge the other significant factors that contributed to the war's outcome. The role of the US, under President Nixon, was undeniably crucial. Nixon’s refusal to broker a ceasefire until Israel had regained lost territory provided crucial diplomatic cover and strategic breathing room for the IDF. Moreover, the Arab states' use of oil as a weapon, through an embargo, had global repercussions, forcing the USA and USSR into a collaborative UN initiative to end the fighting. This highlights the Cold War context of the conflict and the constant threat of superpower involvement.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while the political machinations of the Cold War and the oil crisis undoubtedly influenced the course of the Yom Kippur War, Israeli military tactics played the most significant role in determining the outcome. The IDF's remarkable speed of mobilization, combined with its tactical superiority and the crucial support from the US, allowed it to overcome the initial surprise, regain lost territory, and ultimately secure victory. Although other factors contributed to the complexity of the situation, it was the bravery, skill, and strategic execution of the IDF that proved decisive on the battlefield.

**Source:**

Bercuson, David J. **ISRAELIS AND PALESTINIANS SINCE 1945**.