Introduction
Thesis Statement: While the period between 1750 and 1900 witnessed significant changes in the prison system, driven by reformers like John Howard and Elizabeth Fry, I argue that the period since 1900 has seen more profound transformations, focusing on rehabilitation and addressing the root causes of crime.

Body Paragraph 1: Changes in 1750-1900
Focus: The late 18th and 19th centuries marked a turning point in the history of prisons, shifting away from simply holding places for the accused to institutions intended for punishment and reform. The appalling conditions exposed by John Howard's investigations led to his instrumental role in the passing of the 1774 Gaol Act, which aimed to improve sanitation and treat prisoners with more humanity. Elizabeth Fry furthered this humanitarian work, focusing particularly on the plight of women and children in prison. The 1823 Gaols Act built upon these reforms, aiming to standardize prison conditions and improve administration, though its impact was often limited. This period also saw the introduction of the Silent System, intended to encourage reflection and self-discipline, but often criticized for its cruelty and psychological impact. Hard labor, utilizing devices like the treadmill and the crank, became a central feature of punishment, reflecting the prevailing belief in discipline and deterrence. This approach culminated in the 1865 Prisons Act, which emphasized "hard labor, hard fare, and hard board," making prison life even harsher.

Body Paragraph 2: Changes Since 1900
Focus: The 20th century saw a fundamental shift in the approach to prisons, moving away from solely punishment towards a more nuanced understanding of rehabilitation. Visionary reformers like Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise and Alexander Paterson championed this new approach. They advocated for education and vocational training within prisons, aiming to equip inmates with skills to reintegrate into society. The abolition of the treadmill in 1902 and corporal punishment in 1948 demonstrated a growing recognition of prisoners' basic human rights. The introduction of probation offered an alternative to incarceration, allowing offenders to remain in the community while receiving support and supervision. This period also saw increased attention given to the specific needs of young offenders, with dedicated institutions and programs established to address their rehabilitation and prevent recidivism.

Body Paragraph 3: Counter-Argument and Rebuttal
Focus: It's important to acknowledge that the reforms of the 1750-1900 period laid essential groundwork by addressing the most inhumane aspects of prison life. John Howard and Elizabeth Fry's efforts were instrumental in bringing about a basic standard of decency and raising awareness of the plight of prisoners. However, the changes since 1900 represent a far more profound shift. While earlier reforms focused on improving the physical conditions within prisons, the 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed a fundamental transformation in the philosophy of imprisonment itself. The focus has moved beyond containment and punishment towards a more rehabilitative approach, recognizing the complexities of criminal behavior and the potential for individual change.

Conclusion
Restate Thesis: In conclusion, while the period from 1750 to 1900 saw crucial steps towards a more humane prison system, the changes implemented since 1900 signify a more profound transformation. The shift from a purely punitive approach to one that emphasizes rehabilitation and addresses the root causes of crime marks a turning point in penal history.
Summary: The period between 1750 and 1900 witnessed a move away from prisons as simply holding places to becoming institutions aimed at punishment and reform, driven by individuals like John Howard and Elizabeth Fry. However, the changes since 1900 have been more radical, with a focus on rehabilitation, education, and the introduction of alternatives to incarceration, such as probation.
Final Thought: The evolution of the prison system is ongoing. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain in ensuring prisons are humane, effective, and genuinely contribute to reducing crime and facilitating the successful reintegration of offenders back into society.