Economic growth and the need for trade in the late nineteenth century
8.4 The USA as a World Power
The Rise of Global Powers and International Tensions
A Level/AS Level/O Level
History Notes
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Analyze the factors that contributed to the rapid economic growth of the United States in the late nineteenth century.
Discuss the role of foreign trade in fueling the economic growth of the United States and its impact on the global economy.
Examine the challenges faced by the United States government in managing the tensions between protectionist and free trade policies.
Analyze the impact of American economic and trade policies on its relationship with other nations, particularly European powers.
Discuss the role of the United States as a "world power" and its influence on international economic and political affairs in the late nineteenth century.
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Economic growth and the need for trade in the late nineteenth century
Chapter 8: The Rise of Global Powers and International Tensions
#8.4 The USA as a World Power
1. The Rise of American Industrial Power:
⭐Industrial Revolution: The late 19th century witnessed a rapid growth of American industries. This was fueled by:
⭐Natural resources: Abundant coal, iron ore, oil, and timber provided the raw materials for industrial production.
⭐Technological innovation: Developments like the telegraph, telephone, and the internal combustion engine revolutionized communication and transportation.
⭐Expanding population: Immigration from Europe provided a large labor force for factories and mines.
⭐Key industries: Steel production, railroad construction, oil refining, and automobile manufacturing became cornerstones of the American economy.
⭐Consequences of Industrialization:
⭐Urbanization: Millions of people moved to cities seeking work, leading to rapid urban growth and its associated challenges like overcrowding and pollution.
⭐Rise of big business: Powerful corporations emerged, often dominating entire industries and generating immense wealth.
⭐Growing inequalities: The gap between the rich and poor widened, leading to social unrest and labor movements.
2. The USA Expands its Influence:
⭐Manifest Destiny: The belief that the USA was destined to expand across the North American continent drove westward expansion and territorial acquisitions.
⭐The Spanish-American War (1898): This conflict resulted in the USA acquiring Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, marking a significant shift in American foreign policy.
⭐The Panama Canal (1914): Construction of this crucial waterway allowed the US Navy to move quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, solidifying its global military power.
3. The USA Emerges as a Global Player:
⭐Imperialism: Like European powers, the USA engaged in imperialism, acquiring colonies and establishing economic and political influence abroad.
⭐The Open Door Policy (1899): This policy sought to ensure equal trading opportunities for all countries in China, protecting American commercial interests in the region.
⭐The Roosevelt Corollary (1904): An extension of the Monroe Doctrine, this policy asserted the US right to intervene in Latin American affairs to prevent European interference.
⭐The Dollar Diplomacy: The US government used its economic power to influence foreign affairs, often investing in infrastructure projects in developing countries.
4. International Tensions and World War I:
⭐Foreign Policy Shifts: While initially promoting peace and neutrality, the USA became increasingly involved in international conflicts.
⭐The Great War (1914-1918): The USA officially entered the war in 1917, siding with the Allied powers against Germany and its allies.
⭐The Treaty of Versailles (1919): While contributing significantly to the Allied victory, the USA refused to join the League of Nations, an organization intended to prevent future wars.
5. The USA's Legacy as a World Power:
⭐The 20th Century: The USA continued to play a major role in international affairs, becoming a global superpower in the aftermath of World War II.
⭐Economic and Military Dominance: By the mid-20th century, the USA had become the world's leading economic and military power.
⭐Global Interdependence: The USA's economic and military influence shapes the global landscape, highlighting the complex relationship between power, responsibility, and international cooperation.
In conclusion, the USA's rise to global power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was driven by its industrial expansion, imperial ambitions, and its engagement in international conflicts. This period marked a significant turning point in American history, transforming the country from a relatively isolated nation to a dominant force on the world stage.
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