Cognitive Treatment of Depression

Cognitive psychology posits that our thoughts significantly influence our emotions and behaviors. Consequently, cognitive psychologists view depression, in part, as a product of maladaptive and irrational thinking patterns. This essay will outline how a cognitive psychologist might treat depression by challenging these negative thought patterns using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), as developed by Albert Ellis.

Challenging Irrational Thoughts with REBT

REBT emphasizes the role of irrational beliefs in perpetuating emotional distress, including depression. These beliefs often take the form of absolute statements and unrealistic expectations, such as "I must be successful in everything I do," or "It's terrible when things don't go my way." Such beliefs lead to negative emotional consequences when activated by adverse life events.

REBT therapists employ the ABCDE model to identify and challenge these irrational beliefs:

• A (Activating Event): The therapist helps the patient identify the triggering event or situation that precedes the negative emotion (e.g., failing an exam).
• B (Beliefs): The focus then shifts to uncovering the underlying irrational beliefs associated with the event (e.g., "I'm a failure because I failed the exam").
• C (Consequences): The patient explores the emotional and behavioral consequences of these beliefs (e.g., feeling depressed, withdrawing from social activities).
• D (Dispute): This is the core of REBT. The therapist directly and forcefully challenges the irrational beliefs, using logical and empirical arguments. For instance, the therapist might ask, "Where's the evidence that failing one exam makes you a complete failure?" or "Is it truly catastrophic to not succeed in every single thing you do?".
• E (Effective New Beliefs): Through persistent disputation, the aim is to replace the irrational beliefs with more rational and flexible ones (e.g., "Failing an exam is disappointing, but it doesn't define me. I can learn from my mistakes and try again.").

Techniques for Challenging Irrational Beliefs

REBT therapists utilize various techniques beyond the ABCDE model to facilitate the process of challenging irrational beliefs. Shame attacking exercises, for example, involve encouraging patients to engage in behaviors they perceive as embarrassing or uncomfortable. The goal is to demonstrate that the feared negative consequences are often exaggerated and that individuals can function effectively even when facing social disapproval. This helps dismantle the underlying irrational belief that social approval is necessary for self-worth.

Conclusion

By actively disputing irrational beliefs and replacing them with more balanced and constructive ones, REBT aims to break the cycle of negative thoughts leading to depressive symptoms. This approach empowers individuals to develop healthier coping mechanisms for managing life's challenges, ultimately leading to improved emotional well-being and a reduction in depressive symptoms.