Evaluating Friendly Behaviour Observation

Observing and categorising behaviour is a fundamental aspect of psychological research. However, the validity of such observations hinges on the appropriateness of the chosen behavioural categories. In the context of observing "friendly behaviour" in children, the categories listed in Table 1 (playing, sitting near, standing near) raise concerns regarding their validity. This essay will critique these categories and propose two alternative behaviours that offer a more accurate representation of friendliness in children.

Critique of Table 1 Behaviours

The behaviours listed in Table 1 lack face validity as indicators of friendly behaviour. Face validity refers to the extent to which a measure appears, at face value, to measure what it claims to measure. While these behaviours might occur in social contexts, they do not inherently signify friendliness.

For instance, a child might engage in solitary play near another child without any social interaction. Similarly, proximity alone, such as sitting or standing near another child, does not necessarily imply a friendly interaction. Children might find themselves in close proximity due to environmental factors (e.g., limited seating) rather than a desire for social engagement. Therefore, these behaviours lack the crucial element of intentionality that characterises genuine friendliness.

Suggested Alternative Behaviours

To address the limitations of Table 1, two alternative behaviours that offer greater face validity as indicators of friendly behaviour are:

1. Sharing Toys or Possessions:

This behaviour clearly demonstrates a willingness to engage with another child in a positive and prosocial manner. Sharing is often seen as a fundamental aspect of friendship, reflecting generosity and a desire for mutual enjoyment.

2. Verbal or Nonverbal Expressions of Affection:

These behaviours, such as compliments, hugs, or smiles, provide direct evidence of positive regard and emotional connection. Unlike the behaviours in Table 1, expressions of affection are unambiguous indicators of warmth and friendliness.

Justification for Validity

Both suggested behaviours possess strong face validity because they align with our intuitive understanding of friendliness. Sharing inherently involves kindness and a desire to please another person. Similarly, expressions of affection directly communicate positive emotions and a desire for closeness. These behaviours are less likely to occur in the absence of genuine friendliness, making them more valid indicators compared to the ambiguous behaviours listed in Table 1.

Conclusion

In conclusion, accurately measuring and interpreting behaviour is crucial for meaningful psychological research. While observing children's interactions can provide valuable insights into their social development, the chosen behavioural categories must accurately reflect the construct under investigation. The behaviours listed in Table 1 fall short in this regard, lacking face validity as indicators of friendly behaviour. In contrast, the suggested alternative behaviours of sharing and expressing affection offer a more accurate and nuanced representation of friendliness in children.