Participants were all male, which limits generalizability.

The study's findings may not be generalizable to real-life situations.

Language, thinking, and memory.

Behavior and emotions can be explained in terms of the role of cognitive processes such as attention.

Similarities and differences between people can be understood in terms of individual patterns of cognition.

Andrade (2010): Doodling

Baron-Cohen et al. (2001): Eyes Test

Laney et al. (2008): False Memory

Psychology Investigated: The effects of doodling on concentration and memory.

Background: Some anecdotal evidence suggested doodling could improve attention and memory.

Aim: To investigate whether doodling can improve memory.

Procedure: Participants listened to a boring phone message and were asked to either doodle or not doodle.