Participants were then asked to recall the names mentioned in the message.

Sample: 40 participants.

Sampling Technique: Opportunity sampling.

Experimental Design: Independent measures.

Controls: Participants who did not doodle were the control group.

Ethical Issues: No significant ethical concerns were raised.

Results: Participants who doodled recalled significantly more names than those who did not doodle.

Conclusion: The study provides evidence that doodling can improve memory, especially in situations where attention is low.

Strengths: The study used a controlled experiment, allowing researchers to manipulate the independent variable (doodling) and measure the effect on the dependent variable (memory recall).

The study involved a relatively large sample size, increasing the generalizability of the findings.

Weaknesses: The study used a specific task (listening to a phone message), which may not be generalizable to other situations.

The study did not measure other factors that might have influenced memory recall, such as individual differences in attention span.