Identify and briefly explain TWO ways in which families have become more child-centred.
OCR
A Level
2024
👑Complete Model Essay
Free Essay Plan
Family Structures and Child-Centredness
This essay will explore two key ways in which families have become increasingly child-centred. Firstly, we will examine how the needs of children are now prioritized over the needs of adults, as evidenced by the concept of "postmodern childhood" (Jenks). Secondly, we will discuss how increased regulation and the rise of child experts have contributed to a more child-centred society.
1. Prioritizing Children's Needs
Jenks' concept of "postmodern childhood" argues that childhood is becoming increasingly individualized and child-centred, with children's needs taking precedence over those of adults. This is a significant shift from traditional family structures where adult needs and expectations often dominated.
- Children's needs are prioritized in various aspects of life: education, healthcare, leisure activities, and even legal rights.
- This shift is driven by a number of factors:
- Increasing awareness of child abuse and neglect
- Growing emphasis on children's rights and well-being
- The influence of child-centred ideologies in education and parenting
2. Increased Regulation and Child Experts
Another way in which families have become more child-centred is through increased regulation and the rise of child experts.
- Jenks highlights the impact of laws around part-time work, which restrict children's working hours and prioritize their education and leisure time.
- The emergence of child experts, such as psychologists, child care professionals, and parenting advisors, has also contributed to a focus on children's needs and development.
- These experts provide guidance and advice to parents on child-rearing practices, promoting child-centred approaches.
3. Supporting Evidence & Limitations
- Dermott's research on "intimate fathering" suggests a shift towards more involved and emotionally engaged fatherhood, which is further evidence of child-centredness.
- Gershuny's time-use studies show an increase in time parents spend with their children, particularly in activities like reading and playing, which reinforces the concept of a more child-centred family.
- The advertising industry, with its focus on "pester power" and targeted marketing towards children, reflects the growing economic and social influence of children.
- However, the rising cost of raising children can also create pressure on families, potentially leading to a focus on meeting children's material needs rather than their emotional and developmental ones.
Conclusion
The evidence suggests that families have become more child-centred in recent decades. This shift is driven by multiple factors, including the prioritization of children's needs over those of adults, increased regulation and the rise of child experts, as well as the growing economic influence of children.
How Have Families Become More Child-Centred?
The concept of childhood has undergone significant transformations throughout history, and contemporary Western societies are often characterized by their child-centricity. This essay will delve into two prominent ways in which families have become more child-centred, drawing upon sociological perspectives and evidence.
Prioritization of Children's Needs
One significant way families have become more child-centred is the growing emphasis on prioritizing the needs of children over those of adults. This shift aligns with Jenks' (2004) notion of postmodern childhood, where children are increasingly seen as vulnerable individuals requiring protection and nurturing. Parents today are more likely to invest significant time, energy, and resources into their children's development, education, and well-being.
This prioritization can be observed in various aspects of family life. For instance, Gershuny's (2000) time-use studies demonstrate that parents, particularly mothers, are spending more time engaging in activities specifically aimed at their children, such as reading to them or participating in playtime. This signifies a conscious effort to cater to children's emotional and cognitive needs, placing them at the forefront of family life.
Increased Regulation and Expertise
Another factor contributing to child-centred families is the escalation of regulation and expert intervention in child-rearing practices. Jenks (2004) highlights how increasing legislation surrounding children, such as laws governing part-time work, reflects a broader societal concern for their well-being and protection. This regulation extends beyond legal frameworks, with a surge in child experts, such as psychologists and educators, offering guidance and shaping parenting norms.
This growth in expert knowledge and regulation fosters a sense that children require specialized care and attention. Consequently, parents are encouraged to adopt specific practices and seek guidance from professionals, reinforcing the notion that children have distinct needs that must be met. This further contributes to the child-centred nature of contemporary families.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the transition towards more child-centred families can be attributed to the prioritization of children's needs and the increased regulation and expert intervention in child-rearing practices. These shifts have led to a greater emphasis on nurturing children's development, protecting their well-being, and shaping their experiences. While this child-centred approach has undoubtedly yielded positive outcomes, it is crucial to acknowledge the ongoing debates surrounding the potential consequences of excessive child-centredness and its impact on family dynamics.