Which of the following had the greater impact upon the religious condition of Spain during the period from 1556 to 1598? (i) Philip II’s personal religion (ii) Philip II’s relations with the Papacy Explain your answer with reference to (i) and (ii).

‘In the years 1868 to 1905, the Liberal and Conservative parties pursued similar policies towards Ireland.’ Assess the validity of this view.

‘The main impact of foreign affairs on Britain during the period from 1848 to 1866 was the emergence of the Liberal party.’ How far do you agree?

What events, between 1936 and 1939, resulted in the outbreak of the Second World War?

When Stalin died in 1953, the Soviet Union was in a very strong international position.

Explain the significance of the Gulf War in the development of the Middle East.

Evaluate the reasons why the Labour Party was able to form two governments in the period 1919–31.

To what extent did British policy towards the USSR change during the 1930s?

How far did the Japanese takeover of Manchuria undermine the credibility of the League of Nations?

Explain why the 1920s saw a growth in consumerism.

‘Neither Cromwell, as Lord Protector in the years 1653 to 1658, nor Charles II, as King in the years 1660 to 1678, provided stability in England.’ Assess the validity of this view.

‘There were more similarities than differences between Stalin and Khrushchev as Soviet leaders.’ Assess the validity of this view of the years 1941 to 1964.