‘The accession of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1888 was the most important turning point in the development of German nationalism during the period from 1789 to 1919.’ How far do you agree with this view?

To what extent was the establishment of Outremer by 1131 due to failures within the Islamic World from 1099?

How significant was the USA to the outcome of the Arab–Israeli conflicts between 1956 and 1973?

‘Mazarin contributed more than any other minister to the development of absolutism in France.’ How far do you agree with this view of the period from 1610 to 1715?

‘John’s failures in Normandy, in the years 1204 to 1214, were more the result of his own incompetence than Philip II’s strength.’ Assess the validity of this view.

06. Explain what was important about Puritanism in Elizabethan England.

0 6 ‘The US should never have invaded Afghanistan.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer.

0 6 Which of the following was the more important reason for the increased support for the Nazis before 1933: • the appeal of Hitler • Germany’s economic problems? Explain your answer with reference to both bullet points.

04 ‘Leadership was the main reason for success in battle during the reign of Edward I.’ How far does a study of the Battle of Stirling Bridge support this statement? Explain your answer. You should refer to the Battle of Stirling Bridge and your contextual knowledge.

Philip II was an absolute monarch. Assess the validity of this view.

By the death of Isabella in 1504, Ferdinand and Isabella had successfully restored and consolidated royal authority in Spain. Assess the validity of this view.

Assess the reasons why foreign policy caused disputes between James I and his parliaments.