The study relied on the researcher's subjective observations, which could have introduced bias into the findings.

Human behavior, cognitions, and emotions can be influenced by other individuals.

Human behavior, cognitions, and emotions can be influenced by groups or social contexts.

Milgram (1963): Obedience

Piliavin et al. (1969): Subway Samaritans

Yamamoto et al. (2012): Chimpanzee Helping

Psychology Investigated: Obedience to authority.

Background: The study was inspired by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi official who claimed he was simply following orders.

Aim: To investigate the extent to which people would obey an authority figure, even if it meant harming another person.

Procedure: Participants were told that they were taking part in a study on learning and memory.

They were assigned the role of "teacher" and instructed to deliver electric shocks to a "learner" (a confederate) when they made mistakes.

The shocks were not real, but the participants believed they were.