A Level

Outline three reasons for gender differences in levels of recorded crime.

A Level

Secularisation theory explains the decline in religious participation across parts of Europe, but it does not explain why religion continues to be popular in other parts of the world. It also fails to recognise that religion may be changing rather than declining.
The extent of secularisation may have been exaggerated.Applying material from Item I, analyse two reasons why the extent of secularisation may have been exaggerated.

A Level

9. Define and briefly explain the concept of criminal subcultures.

A Level

Outline two problems in measuring green crime.

A Level

Outline and explain two ways in which changing childbearing patterns may have influenced gender roles and relationships within families and households.

A Level

Evaluate the disadvantages of using self-completion questionnaires in sociological research.

A Level

Outline and explain two arguments against the positivist view that sociology can be scientific.

A Level

* Assess sociological views of why female representations are changing in the media.

A Level

C
In the UK, there has been an increase in divorce since the 1960s. There are also more same sex couples than in the past.
Family diversity in the UK has been influenced by government policies.05 Applying material from Item C, analyse two ways in which family diversity in the UK has been influenced by government policies.

A Level

Item C
Pupils behave in many different ways in schools. Some pupils conform to school rules, for example by wearing the correct uniform and completing tasks set, whilst others break school rules. Interactions between teachers and pupils, and between peers, are likely to influence behaviour. Sociologists are interested in researching in patterns of pupil behaviour, particularly disruptive behaviour.
One way of studying pupil behaviour in schools is to use non-participant observation. Pupils are often observed during the course of a school day. One advantage of non-participant observation is that the sociologist can observe behaviour both inside and outside classrooms. Non-participant observation allows behaviour categories to be decided before the observation begins. However behaviour may not be classified in the same way by different researchers.Applying material from Item C and your knowledge of research methods, evaluate the strengths and limitations of using non-participant observation to investigate pupil behaviour in schools.

A Level

Urbanisation in developing countries often involves the growth of shanty towns with poor living conditions. Urbanisation also brings about cultural change by exposing city dwellers to Western values and practices.
Urbanisation may affect the process of development.Applying material from Item K, analyse two ways that urbanisation may affect the process of development.

A Level

Functionalists argue that health professionals perform an important role in helping society remain stable. They also suggest that health professionals, such as doctors, possess the expert knowledge to diagnose and provide treatment in the interests of patients.
Other sociologists argue that functionalists fail to consider that health professionals may operate in the interests of powerful groups.Applying material from Item F and your knowledge, evaluate the functionalist view of the role of health professionals.

A Level

Mass culture is usually seen as commercially produced by businesses for profit rather than being created by ordinary people or reflecting their experiences. Mass culture is also seen as oversimplified, requiring little thought or evaluation.
Mass culture may prevent social change.Applying material from Item A, analyse two ways in which mass culture may prevent social change.

A Level

Outline ways that a person's social class background may affect their chances of achieving a secure and well paid job.

A Level

Some sociologists suggest that increased participation by women in the labour market and changing attitudes to gender roles have led to more equality in modern family life. Couples are free to choose roles and identities based on personal choice.
However, feminists argue that inequalities of power and control continue to exist, and oppose the view that gender roles and relationships have become more equal in modern family life.Applying material from Item B and your knowledge, evaluate the view that gender roles and relationships have become more equal in modern family life.